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M.Sc. in
Environmental Science
Objective : The
two years Distance Learning Master of Science (M.Sc.)
in Environmental Science conducted by The Global
Open University, Nagaland in academic collaboration
with the Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment
has been designed for meeting the demand of the
growing needs of experts in the fields of pollution
care, environmental management, environmental
education, natural resources conservation and
environmental impact assessment.
Eligibility
: Graduates of any discipline
Duration : Two
years
Examination :
Examination Centres : Anand, Agartala, Aizawl,
Allahabad, Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Agra, Alwar, Ajmer,
Ambala, Amritsar, Arrah, Bareilly, Bangalore,
Baroda, Betul, Bathinda, Bhagalpur, Bhopal,
Bhubaneshwar, Bhilai, Bilaspur, Bokaro, Bulandshahr,
Buxar, Calicut, Chandigarh, Chandrapur, Chhindwara,
Chennai, Dehradun, Delhi, Dimapur, Dewas, Etawah,
Fatehpur, Gandhi Nagar, Gangtok, Goa, Gorakhpur,
Guna, Gwalior, Guwahati, Haridwar, Hisar,
Hanumangarh, Hyderabad, Hubli, Imphal, Indore,
Itanagar, Jammu, Jaipur, Jamshedpur, Jind, Jabalpur,
Jodhpur, Jhansi, Jhajjar, Ludhiana, Kaithal, Karnal,
Kargil, Kohima, Kashiram Nagar, Kolkata, Kollam,
Kota, Korba, Kanpur, Kolar, Kathmandu, Kolhapur,
Khandwa, Lucknow, Mandi, Meerut, Mirzapur,
Mohindergarh, Mumbai, Muzaffarnagar, Muzaffarpur,
Motihari, Nagpur, Narwana, Nasik, Patiala, Panipat,
Pathankot, Port Blair, Patna, Pune, Ranchi, Raipur,
Ratlam, Rewa, Rohtak, Roorkee, Rewari, Rishikesh,
Sagar, Samastipur, Shillong, Shimla, Sikar,
Sonebhadra, Sri Ganganagar, Srinagar, Sagar, Sirsa,
Surat, Trivandum, Tikamgarh, Udaipur, Udhampur,
Varanasi, Wokha.
Award :
Master of Science with specialisation in
Environmental Science shall be awarded to all the
successful candidates by The Global Open University,
Nagaland. They will also be eligible for admission
in the M.Phil. and Ph.D. degree programmes in the
relevant Schools and Faculties at The Global Open
University.
Medium of Instruction and
Examination : All instructional materials
are in English.
Teaching Methodology :
The Central Despatch Unit will accord admission to
the students and provide all facilities including
counselling, identity cards, lessons, guidance,
assignment sheets etc.
Subjects : First Year
Introduction to Environmental Science
India's Environment /Global Env.Issues
Environmental Education
Population and Community Ecology
Natural Resources Conservation
Subjects : Second Year
Environmental Protection and Law
Environmental Impact Assessment
Pollution Monitoring and Control
Research Methodology
Master's Thesis
Tuition and Other Fee :
Total Rs.
18,125.00
The fee of Rs. 18,125 is payable
at the time of admission. Accordingly, the
Application Form duly filled in alongwith four stamp
size photographs, copies of certificates and mark
sheets and a Bank Draft of
fee in the name of "Indian Institute of Ecology and
Environment " payable at New Delhi must reach The
Admissions Officer, Indian Institute of Ecology and
Environment, A 15, Paryavaran Complex, South of
Saket, New Delhi - 110030 by registered / speed
post.
Examination Fee :
A fee of Rs. 150 per paper is to be paid before
appearing in the examination.
Submission of Assignments :
All admitted students are required to submit their
assignments for all the subjects of the M.Sc. Degree
programme in fulfilment of the requirements of 30
marks each paper. For this, they have to prepare
Mini Project Reports based on a topic of their
choice for all subjects of M.Sc.
Confirmation of Admission :
The admission will be confirmed after the completed
admission form is received by the University. The
Identity Card and the Set of Study Materials will be
sent within a month.
Master's Thesis :
To be submitted by
all students before appearing in the final M.Sc.
examination.
Despatch
of Lessons and Identity Card : The
admission will be confirmed within a month and the
set of lessons and the Identity Card will be
despatched by post to all the admitted candidates.
Concurrent Admission :
Those admitted and studying in any other Master's
Degree may also be admitted in the M.Sc.
(Environmental Science) for shaping their careers
with a view to protecting the environment.
Further Clarification :
Students and their guardians are welcome to call the
Helpline i.e. Mobile Numbers : 9810162127,
9718362127 for further clarification.
Detailed Curriculam of Ecology and
Environment
INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
1. CONCEPTS OF ECOLOGY : Objectives;
Relation to Other Sciences; Subdivisions of Ecology; History of Ecology; Ecological
Concepts; General Ecological Considerations; Ecosystems and their Functioning; The
Biosphere and its Functioning; Factors Influencing Population Growth; Limits to Population
Growth; Carrying Capacity; Limiting Factors and Their Operation; Diversity versus
Simplicity; Biotic Succession and Land Rehabilitation.
2. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY : Dominance of
Species in a Community; Succession; Hydrosere; Plant Sere; Animal Sere; Bogs; Plant Bog
Sere; Rock, Sand and Clay Sere; Rock Sere; Animal Life; Clay Sere; Floodplain Sere.
3. ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY : Ecosystem
Components; Ecological Pyramids; Productivity Concept; Ecomodelling; Ecological Energies.
4. MAJOR ECOSYSTEMS OF THE WORLD :
Northern Coniferous Forest; Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome; Grasslands; Deserts;
Tropical Rain Forests; Aquatic Ecosystems; Pond Ecosystem; Estuaries.
5. GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY : Dispersal
Dynamics; Dispersal Pathways; Migration; Ecesis; Distributional Units; Paleoecology and
The Emergence of Man.
 6. MARINE ECOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT : Habitat;
Tides; Substratum; Pressure; Temperature and Currents; Light; Salinity; Oxygen; Plankton;
Abundance; Yearly Cycle; Nekton; Oceanic Plankton and Nekton Biome; Composition and
Characteristics; Food Chains; Productivity; Balanoid-Gastropod-Thallophyte Biome.
7. EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY :
Characteristics of the Niche; Interspecific Competition; Competitive Exclusion Principle;
Species Diversity.
8. POLITICAL ECOLOGY : A Framework
for Understanding; Contextual Sources of Environmental Change; Conflict Over Access;
Political Ramifications of Environmental Change; Synopsis and Implications.
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STATE OF INDIA'S ENVIRONMENT
1. LAND MANAGEMENT : Grazing Lands;
Soil in Relation to Plant Development; Humus and Microorganisms; Development of Soil; Soil
Profile; Zonal Soil Groups; Land Degradation.
2. FOREST MANAGEMENT : Forest Types;
Role of Forests; Forest Management; Classification of Forest Lands; Administrative
Classification of Forests; Classification of Forests; Social Forestry.
3. ATMOSPHERE : Composition of the
Atmosphere; Major Regions of the Atmosphere; Particles in the Atmosphere;
Chemical and Photochemical Reactions in the Atmosphere; Reaction of Atmospheric Nitrogen;
Reaction of Atmospheric Oxygen; Water in the Atmosphere; Fog; Temperature of the Air Layer
Near the Ground; Evolution of the Atmosphere.
4. HYDROSPHERE : Biological Method
of Zonation; Lentic Environment; Complexation in Natural Water and Waste Water; Humic
Substances; Nitrogen Fixation; Nitrification; Nitrate Reduction; Denitrification; The
Nitrogen Cycle; Eutrophication; Water Circulation.
5. DAMS : Clear Policy; Two-Fold
Benefits; Anti-Dam Campaigns; Organised Tribals; Future Issues; Dams and Forests; Dams and
People, Meagre Compensation; Nightmarish Experience; Resettlement Problems; Helping Hands;
Rehabilitation Policy; Alternatives to Big Dams; Potential Capacity; Emerging Problems;
Increasing Water Logging; Small is Beautiful; The Tehri Dam - A Case Study; Existence of
TBVSS and Formation of Working Group on Environmental Impact of Tehri Dam; Final Report of
Working Group; Rehabilitation Problem.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH : Definition
of Environmental Health; Man and Environment; Historical Perspective; Man-Environment
Relationships; Life Support; Residues and Wastes; Environmental Hazards; Biological;
Chemical; Physical; Sociological and Psychological; Principles of Environmental Control;
Isolation; Substitution; Shielding; Treatment; Prevention; Environmental Health Problems
in India; Conclusion.
7. HABITAT : Migration as a Strategy; Slum as solution; The
Housing Crisis; Slum City; A Tale of Three Cities; Cities as a Collection of Shacks.
8. PEOPLE & ENVIRONMENT : Population and Environment; Indian
Prospects; Caste and Environment; Niche Diversification;
Women and Environment; Women and Natural Resources; Technology Introduction; Drinking
Water; Malnourished Workers.
9. LIVING RESOURCES : Genetic Resources; Threat to Genetic
Diversity; Valuable Indian Genes; Indian Animal Breeds; Insect Germplasm; Conserving
Micro-Organisms; Medicinal Herbs; Crop Genetic Resources; Varieties of Rice; Animal
Genetic Resources; Fish Genetic Resources; Tree Genetic Resources; Strange Creatures of
India.
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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
1. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION : Meaning
and Scope; Background and Principles; Objectives of Environmental Education;
Recommendations Concerning Environmental Education; Recommendations on Formal Education
Needs; Strategies at National, Regional and International Levels; Action Plans.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT : Key
Concepts of Environmental Management; Philosophical, Ethical and Technical Principles of
Ethical Management; Characteristics of Environmental Management; Some Environment
Management Approaches; Standard Setting; Economic Policies; Environmental Organization;
Environmental Indicators.
3. INDIAN RIVERS : Origin of Rivers;
Rivers in India; River and its Major Tributaries; Indus Water Treaty; River Ganga; Central
Ganga Authority; River Gomti; Kali Nadi; River Chambal; River Bandi; River Brahmaputra;
Brahmaputra Board; River Yamuna; River Narmada; Narmada Control Authority; Sardar Sarovar
Construction Advisory Committee; River Tapti; River Subarnarekha, River Godavari; River
Krishna; River Koyna; River Tungabhadra; Tungabhadra Board; River Aliyar; River Periyar;
River Cauvery; River Damodar; River Sabarmati; River Ib; River Mahi.
 4. HIMALAYA :
Environmental Hazards in the Himalayas; The Higher Himalaya; Geography of the Humalaya;
The Transverse Sub-divisions of the Himalaya; Water Resources; Agricultural Systems;
Animal Husbandry; Grassland; Tourism; Land Resources and Tourism; Agriculture &
Tourism; Forest Wealth and Tourism; Wildlife and Tourism; Industrialization;
5. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT: Carbon and
Oxygen Cycles; Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Cycle.
6. POLLUTION : WHAT, WHERE & WHY ? : What is Pollution ? Air Pollution;
Meteorological Factors Responsible for Air Pollution; Types and Sources of Air Pollution;
Effects of Air Pollution on our Cultural Assets; Air Pollution Control; Water Pollution;
Sources of Water Pollution; Tolerance Limit for Pollutants Present in Water; Soil
Pollution; Source of Soil Pollution; Food Pollution; Adulteration, Pollution and
Contamination of Food; Chemical Pollutants; Adulterants; Microbial Toxins; Natural Organic
Toxicants; Noise Pollution; Units of Noise.
7. MINING & ENVIRONMENT : Methods of Mining; Impact of Mining; An
Approach to Impact Identification of Mining Operation; Environmental Management;
Legislation in India.
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POPULATION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
1. ECOLOGY OF POPULATIONS : Population Attributes; Population Sizes;
Population Estimates; Population Density; Spatial Distribution; Sex Ratios and Age
Structures; Life Tables; Population Theories.
2. SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND POPULATION INTERACTION :
Territorialism; Dominance Hierarchies; Social Behaviour in Population Regulation;
Population Interaction; Commensalism; Mutualism; Symbiosis; Predation; Parasitism;
Classification; Evolution of Parasitism; Modifications and Adaptations; Hyperparasites;
Parthenogenic and Non Parthenogenic Parasites; Competition; Amensalism and Antibiosis;
Aggregations; Allelochemistry; Protocooperation; Conclusion.
 3.
WORLD POPULATION GROWTH : Population Alarm; Trends in Population Growth;
Dependency Ratio; India’s Population Situation; Population Density; Sex Ratio;
Demographic Transition in India; Urbanisation; Problem of Housing; Traffic Problems;
Shortage of Open Space; Crowding.
4. THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF CROWDING :
Effects of Overcrowding on Animals; Stimulus Overload Model; Behavioural Constraints
Model; Ecological Model; Attribution Model; Stress and Arousal Model; Effects of Stress on
Health; Effects of Crowding
5. ECOLOGY AND THE FUTURE OF MAN : Essential
Questions for Man’s Future; Oxygen Supply and Air Quality; Water Supplies; Space on
Earth; Distributional Inequality; Violence and War; Adaptive Capabilities of Man;
World-Wide Environmental Issues; Climatic Changes/
Green House Effect; Risks to Ozone Layer; Acid Rain; Pollution of
World’s Oceans.
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NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION
 1. NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT : Natural
Resources; Definition; Classification of Natural Resources; Conservation and Management of
Natural Resources; Land; Land Use and Abuse; Rural Land-use Planning; Urban Land-use
Planning; Management of Land; Water Requirements and Uses; Problems and Management of
Water; Future Needs and Alternate Sources of Water; Agriculture; Forestry; Importance of
Forests.
2. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN INDIA : Importance of Conservation;
Reasons for Dwindle; Classification of Scarce Wildlife; Methods of Wildlife Conservation;
History of Wildlife Conservation; Wildlife Conservation in India; Endangered Species of
India; Modes of Wildlife Conservation in India; Man: An Endangered Species; The Future.
3. FLORAL AND FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA :
Ecological Sub-Division; The Himalayan Mountain System; The Himalayan Foothills; The High
Altitude Region of Western Himalayas.
4. ENDANGERED SPECIES OF INDIA :
Threat to Plant Species; Main Causes of Threat to Species; Area Vulnerable to Rarity and
Extinction of Species in India; Himalaya and Eastern India; Rajasthan and Gujarat;
Gangetic Plain; Peninsular India; Andaman & Nicobar Islands;
5. ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES IN INDIA :
Ethnobotany; Importance of Indian Ethnobotany; Areas in India Rich for Ethnobotanical
Study; Recent Studies; Methodologies of Ethnobotanical Research; Other Aspects of
Ethnobotany.
6. BIO-RESOURCES : Conservation and
Management; International Biological Programme (IBP); Man and Biosphere (MAB); The MAB
Identified 14 Projects; World Wildlife Fund.
7. WILDLIFE RESERVES AND NATIONAL PARKS IN
INDIA : National Park; Sanctuary; A Protected Area; Legislation, Development
and Impact of Wildlife; Plan Allocation for Wildlife Sanctuaries; Plan Allocation for
National Park; National Parks and Sanctuaries in India; Tourism; Its Impact of Wildlife;
Conclusion.
8. CONCEPTS OF ENERGY : Source of Energy; Uses of Energy; Fuel;
Role of Fuels in Everyday Life; Classification of Fuels; Advantages of Liquid and Gaseous
Fuels Over Solid Fuels; Wood; Charcoal is a better Fuel than Wood; Carbon Cycle; Fossil
Fuels; Fluidised-bed Combustion; How Fossil Fuels were formed; Sun is the Ultimate Source
of Fossil Fuels; Coal; Importance of Coal; Use of Coal; Origin of Oil; Petroleum;
Occurrence of Petroleum.
9. ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY :
Energy Situation in India; Renewable Sources of Energy; Solar Energy; Use of Solar Energy
for Electricity Production; Utilization of Solar Energy in India; Utilization of Solar
Energy for Various Purposes; Biomass and Biogas; Uses of Biogas; Wind Energy; Utilization
of Wind Energy in India; Uses of Wind-Energy; Limitations of Wind Energy; Energy from the
Sea; Wave Energy; Tidal Energy; Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC); Geothermal Energy;
Nuclear Energy.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND LAW
1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION :
Introduction; A Disheartening Trend; Land Degradation; Deforestation; Forest
Conservation; Wildlife Conservation; National Forest Policy; Pollution Control;
Ganga Action Plan; Response to
 Environmental
Challenges; National Environmental Advisory Committee; New Legislative
International Cooperation and Legislation for Environmental Protection.
2. AIR POLLUTION :
Classification of Pollutants; Natural Contaminants; Primary and Secondary Air
Pollutants; Air Pollution Due to Automobiles; Air Pollution from Major
Industrial Operations; Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health; Health Effects;
Air Pollution on Animals; Air Pollution Effects on Farm Animals; Symptoms of
Chronic Air Pollution; Mechanisms of Deterioration in Polluted Atmospheres;
Factors Influencing Atmospheric Deterioration; Effects on Art Treasures; Effect
on Art Treasures in India; Effect on Art Treasures in Other Countries.
3. WATER POLLUTION : Major
Water Pollutants; Sources of Water Pollution; Water Pollution by Agriculture;
Water Pollution by Mining Industry; Water Pollution by Stock Breeding and
Fisheries; Water Pollution by Urban Activity; Water Pollution by Manufacturing
Industry; case studies on water pollution.
4. NOISE POLLUTION :
Preliminary; Definitions; General Powers of the Central Government; Appointment
of Officers and their Powers and Functions; Offences by Companies; Offences by
Government Departments; Miscellaneous; Cognizance of Offences; Information,
Ministry of Environment and Forests; Functions of Environmental Laboratories;
Qualifications of Government Analyst; Mannner of Giving Notice; Furnishing of
Information to Authorities and Agencies in Certain Cases.
6. AIR POLLUTION ACT 1981 :
Preliminary; Central and State Boards for the Prevention and Control of
Air Pollution; Terms and Conditions of Service of Members; Disqualifications;
Vacation of Seats by Members; Meeting of Board; Constitution of Committees;
Vacancy in Board not to invalidate Acts or Proceedings; Powers and Functions of
Boards; Functions of Central Board; Functions of State Boards; Power to give
Directions; Prevention and Control of Air Pollution; Persons Carrying on
Industry; etc., not to Allow Emission of Air Pollutants in Excess of the
Standards laid down by State Board; Power of Board to make Application to Court
for Restraining Persons from Causing Air Pollution; Furnishing of Information to
State Board and other Agencies in Certain Cases; Power of Entry and Inspection;
Power to Obtain Information; Power to take Samples of Air or Emission and
Procedure to be Followed in Connection there with; State Boards Constituted
under the Water; Dissolution of State Boards Constituted under the Act;
Maintenance of Register; Power of Central Government to Make Rules; Power of
State Government to Make Rules.
 7.
WATER POLLUTION ACT 1974 :
Preliminary; Definitions; The Central and State Boardsfor
Prevention and Control of Water Pollution; Constitution of State Boards; Terms
and Conditions of Service of Members; Provision Regarding Existing Discharge of
Sewage or Trade Effluent; Refusal or Withdrawal of Consent by State Board; Power
to give Directions; Funds, Accounts and Audit, Contributions by State
Government; Fund of Central Board; Fund of State Board; Compulsory Acquisition
of land for the State Board; Returns and Reports; Bar of Jurisdiction.
8. AIR POLLUTION-LEGAL CONTROL :
Air Quality and Emission Standards; Air Quality Standards; Definition; Single or
Multiple Standards; Kinds of Air Quality Standards; Ambient Air Quality
Standards; Other Air Quality Standards; Emission Standards; Emission Standards
for Mobile Sources; Emission Standards for Stationary Sources; Air Pollution
Legislation and Regulations; Constitution of the Board; Functions of the Central
Board; Functions of the State Boards; Classification of Pollution Sources;
Scheduled Industries.
9. WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972 :
Preliminary, Short title; Extent and Commencement,
Definitions; Authorities to be Appointed or Constituted Under the Act;
Appointment of Director and other Officers; Appointment of Chief Wildlife Warden
and other Officers; Power to Delegate; Constitution of Wildlife Advisory Board.
10. THE WILDLIFE (PROTECTION)
AMENDMENT ACT, 1991 : Short Title and Commencement; Amendment of Long
Title, need for amendment, benefits of 1991 Act , role of activists in local
issues and matters.
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
: Environmental Inventory; Environmental Assessment; Environment Impact
Statement; Historical Perspective; Environmental Assessment Process; Goals of
EIA Process; Basic Contents of an Impact Statement; Basic to the Process;
Discription of Environmental Setting; Impact prediction and Assessment;
Selection of Proposed Action; Preparation of Environmental Impact Statement;
Prepare draft EIS; Circulation of draft EIS to Others for Preparing final EIS;
Conclusion.
2. METHODS OF IMPACT ANALYSIS :
What is meant by a Methodology ? Purposes of Environmental Assessment Methods;
Comparative Studies of Methodologies; Warner and Preston Study, Smith Study.
3. AIR ENVIRONMENT : Steps
for Prediction & Assessment; Information on Air Pollution.
4. WATER ENVIRONMENT :
Introduction; Basic Steps; Basic Information on Water Pollution
5. NOISE ENVIRONMENT :
Steps for Prediction/Assessment on Noise Pollution.
6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT :
Steps for Prediction and Assessment; Basic Information on the Socioeconomic
Environment
7. CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT :
Introduction; Basic Steps of Prediction and Assessment; Basic Information on
Cultural Resources
8. BIO ENVIRONMENT : Steps
for Prediction and Assessment on Ecology.
9. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION :
Introduction; Basic Definitions and Concepts; Advantages and Disadvantages of
Public Participation; Objectives of Public Participation, Practical Suggestions
for Public/Peoples Participation; Incorporation of Results; Selecting Among
Alternatives; Steps in Weighted-Ranking Technique.
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POLLUTION MONITORING AND
CONTROL
1. AIR POLLUTION MONITORING :
Introduction; Classification of Sampling Methods; Difficulties encountered in
Sampling; Instruments for Sampling Waste Gases and for Atmospheric Sampling;
Duration of Sampling Period; Location of Sampling Sites; Sampling of
Particulates; Sampling Suspended Particulates by High Volume Filtration (The
High Volume Sampler); Air Sampler Operation; Filters Used in High Volume Air
Sampling; Stack Sampling Techniques; Planning the Study; Selection of Sampling
Location; Representative Sample; Size of Sampling Point; Traverse Points;
Isokinetic Conditions; Determination of Gas Composition; Determination of
Moisture Content; Determination of Temperature; Determination of Velocity;
Gaseous Sampling; Methods for Collection of Gaseous Samples.
2. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL :
Introduction; Control of Gaseous Contaminants; Combustion; Absorption;
Adsorption; Closed Circuit and Recovery Systems; Odours and Their Control;
Background Information About Odours; Source of Odours; Measurement of Odour;
Determination of the Threshold Concentration; Determination of the Type and
Intensity of Odours; Odour Control; Modification of the Process; Dilution by
Ventilation or Dispersal; Combustion or Oxidation; Catalytic Incineration; Odour
Masking; Odour Counteraction; Control of Air Pollution by Process Changes;
Substitution of Raw Materials or Fuels; Modification of the Process;
Modification or Replacement of the Process Equipment; Changes in Operational
Practices; Case Studies; Chemical Industry; Description of Conventional Contract
Process; Description of the DCDA Process.
3. GANGA ACTION PLAN :
Ganga : The Holy River; Ganga; From Gomukh to Bay of Bengal; Ganga; Its
importance, Ganga; Overuse, Abuse and Pollution; What is River Pollution? What
are the Principal Sources of Pollution? How to measure the extent of pollution ?
Concern for the River; Formulation of the Ganga Action Plan; What does the
Action Plan seek to do? River Front Facilities; Low Cost Sanitation;
Construction of Electric Crematoria; Co-Financing &
Pooling of Resources; Pollution from Industries; Scientific Content in the
Context of Ganga Action Plan; Promotion of Research in Relevant Areas;
Interaction with Scientists and Technologists; Organisational Arrangements and
Monitoring of Progress; Monitoring of Progress; Public Involvement in the Ganga
Action Plan; Monitoring of Water Quality; Recycling Sewage; Where we went wrong.
4. WASTE WATER TREATMENT :
Types of Treatment; Brief Description of Chemical Treatment; Fundamentals of
Biological Treatment; Criteria for the Application of Aerobic and Anaerobic
Biological Treatment; Monitoring of the Efficiency of the Biological Treatment
Plant; Types of Biological Treatment; Trickling Filter (TF); Activated Sludge;
Oxidation Pond; Role of Microbes in Sludge Digestion and Disposal; Industrial
Waste Treatment; Treatment for Various Industrial Effluents; Pulp and Paper Mill
Waste; Treatment of the Paper Waste; Distillery Waste; Tannery Waste; Fertilizer
Waste; Oil Refinery Waste.
5. WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT :
Introduction; Demand of Water; Quantity of Water Needed; Domestic and
Non-domestic Need of water; Fire Fighting Need of Water; Institutional Need of
Water; Industrial Need of Water; Sources of Water; Surface Water; Ground Water;
General Impurities Present in Water; Conventional Treatment Methods for Public
Water Supply; Aeration; Coagulation and Flocculation; Quality Criteria for Alum
and Lime as Coagulants; Filtration; Disinfection; Boiling; Hardness; Removal of
Temporary Hardness; Removal of Permanent Hardness; System of Distribution;
Zoning; Pipe Size and Residual Pressure; Laying and Maintenance of Mains;
Wastage of Water; Protection against Pollution near Sewers and Drains
Increstation and Corrosion of Delivery Pipes; Laboratory Method to Ascertain the
Corrosive and Incrustating Nature.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & SYSTEMS
ANALYSIS
 1.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH : Social Research: Concept, Objective and
Scope; Definition; Basic Assumption of Social Research; Objectives of Research;
Motivation in Research; Types of Research; Research Approaches; Sources of Data;
Documentary Sources; Field Sources; Utility of Social Research; Qualities of a
Good Research Worker, General Qualities; Specific Qualities; Criteria of Good
Research; Problems Encountered by Researchers in India; Environmental Research.
2. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION :
Schedule; Purpose of schedule; Essential of a Good Schedule; Procedure
for forming a Schedule; Types of Questions; Questionnaire; Problem of Response
Questionnaire; Factors Affecting Response; Interview; Kinds of Interviews;
Structured Interviews; Unstructured Interview; Focused Interview; Repetitive
Interview; Technique of Interview.
3. ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY :
Introduction; Sampling; Frequencies and Number of Samples; Site of Water
Sampling; Time Interval Between Collection of Water Samples and their Analysis;
Methods of Water Sampling; Parameters Analysed on the Spot;
Hydrogen-ion-concentration (pH); Estimation; Temperature Estimation;
Turbidity/Transparency; Odour; Colour Estimation; Physio-Chemical Parameters.
4. SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS : Water Supply and Water Quality; Waste Water Transport and
Disposal System; Solid Waste Management; Air Quality Planning and Management;
Law and Water Resources Development; Forest Eco-Systems.
5. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT :
Sources and characteristics; Health and Environmental Implications; Economic
Implications; Human Resources; Refuse Characteristics; Work Components of Refuse
Collection; Collection from Communal Sites.
6. MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING OF
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES : Short Title, Extent and Commencement;
Application; Definition; Competent Authorities; Classification of
Micro-organisms or Genetically Engineered Product.
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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
 1.
OZONE DEPLETION : Chemistry of the Ozone Layer; Studying the
Antarctic Ozone Hole; Ozone Depletion in Other Latitudes; Effects on Life;
Nations Joining to Protect the Ozone Layer; A New Global Ozone Diplomacy;
Experimenting with Planet Earth.
2. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE :
Introduction; Conventions; Scorecard of the Historic Meet; Scientific Programmes
and Other Activities of International Organisations; Issues Involved; Magnitude
of the Change; The Greenhouse Effect.
3. SEA LEVEL RISE : Impact
of Future Global Warming on Sea Level; Future Trends in Local Sea Level; Effect
of Sea Level Rise; Sea Level Rise and its Impact on South Asia; Human Dimension
and Sea Level Rise; Morphologic Processes and Human Interference;.
4. ANTARCTICA : ENVIRONMENTAL
POLITICS AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT REGIMES : Historical Perspective;
Geographical Setting; Physiography; Climate; Resource Base; Living Resources;
Non-Living Resources.
5. MARINE RESOURCES : INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECTIVES: Nonliving Resources of India’s EEZ : A General Account;
Nonliving Resource of India’s EEZ: A Classified Account.
6. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: Introduction; Sustaining Development; What
is Development ? What is Sustainable ? Weighing Costs and Benefits; Economic
Activity and the Environment; Key Links: The Nature of the Challenge.
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